Monthly Archives: Desember 2022

AI Diplomacy: what vision for the future of multilateralism

The integration of AI in diplomacy brings with it exciting prospects but also significant risks that could compromise the very essence of diplomatic practice, writes the Graduate Institute’s Dr Jérôme Duberry.

From the corridors of the Palais des Nations in Geneva to bustling embassies around the world, diplomats are increasingly relying on artificial intelligence (AI) to implement foreign policy, with a range of services and routine operations opening up to the prospect of AI.

AI is an umbrella term that refers to several technologies. There are many definitions, but for simplification, we’ll refer to it here as “a system’s ability to correctly interpret external data, to learn from such data, and to use those learnings to achieve specific goals and tasks through flexible adaptation”.

AI holds significant potential in various saba sport government sectors such as education, transportation, telecommunications, data security and management, finance, healthcare, law and justice, to name a few. We will focus here on diplomacy.

One particular area, consular services, stands out as a low-hanging fruit for AI integration since they are governed by clear and stable procedures, eliminating the need to treat each decision as a new challenge, except in crisis situations. Chatbots and virtual assistants are now commonplace to support visa applications, consular registrations, and legal aid for refugees. AI is also increasingly used by governments and public institutions to protect against cyberattacks. AI not only automates routine operations but can also make decisions in place of humans by applying different types of data analytics.

First, descriptive analytics provides a comprehensive overview of the current situation, offering insights into prevailing trends and patterns. For instance, AI can help diplomats monitor in real time a large array of foreign media news in many languages to flag emerging risks and political changes. Data visualization is a natural fit for communicating descriptive analysis. For instance, the Crisis Risk Dashboard developed by the United Nations Development Programme is a tool for data aggregation and visualization to support contextual risk analysis.

A second type of analytics where AI can be integrated to delve deeper and probe into the reasons behind observed phenomena is diagnostic analytics. AI-based sentiment analysis tools are becoming invaluable assets for diplomats, enabling them to gauge prevailing perceptions of national policies and what narratives are gaining traction. The analysis of external signals can be coupled with diplomatic documents ranging from cables sent by embassies to media summaries and intelligence briefings. This is particularly useful for diplomats seeking to assess the strength and validity of signals received during crises.

Building on this, predictive analytics helps diplomats identify future trends and anticipate social or political tensions in host countries. This can be instrumental in helping them to better allocate their attention and resources and more effectively counter disinformation and malign influence campaigns.

Finally, prescriptive analytics actively recommends specific courses of action according to a set of criteria. AI-assisted scenario generation for strategic planning and Monte Carlo simulation (a mathematical technique that predicts possible outcomes of an uncertain event) offer decision-makers a range of probability-ranked outcomes for multiple courses of action.

Risks of AI intermediation

In a global landscape marked by turbulence, complexity and instability, trust remains a cornerstone and “intelligent consensus-driven decision-making processes on issues of our time” are highly needed. The permeation of AI into diplomacy introduces new challenges that could potentially undermine this trust.

AI helps reduce the cognitive effort required in decision-making processes. But diplomacy is an art which relies on knowledge, intelligence, experience, and creativity, to name only a few.  Diplomats must ensure to keep their competence and not fall into the trap of relying only on the AI-powered data analytics. AI can provide invaluable insights and support decision-making with reliable and digestible information. But diplomats should not become dependent and give an exaggerated importance and veracity to what AI produces. AI does not understand the meaning of what it produces. And there is a risk of it contributing to the impoverishment of diplomatic expertise and skills. AI can assist diplomats, but it should not replace them.

Indeed, the opacity of many machine learning algorithms makes it difficult to assess how AI arrives at specific conclusions, thereby affecting accountability. This raises questions about the AI’s origins, design, and the values and interests it is designed to uphold: is it an AI system built internally, or is it a service purchased by a private company? Is it a proprietary algorithm, or is it an open-source algorithm? Is it designed to reach consensus or to maximise the gains of one party? What worldview and values does it uphold?

Introducing a proprietary AI developed by a foreign state or a private company into diplomatic negotiations is akin to bringing an unchecked stakeholder into the room. Technology is political in the sense that it reflects the values and interests of its designer, which are both temporally and geographically localized. Its features are the result of choices and decisions made by a group (often small, white, and male with a similar IT background) of individuals. What’s more, the absence of common global technical standards for AI and a unified regulatory framework adds a layer of uncertainty, especially when multiple AI systems are involved in diplomatic processes. Lastly, AI requires access to large datasets of past diplomatic cables and memos for training. Once digitalised, this data becomes vulnerable to cyberattacks and leaks.

AI and big data require computational and financial capabilities that are limited to a small number of tech companies located in a limited number of states around the world. A’s rapid development and its thirst for data may well exacerbate the digital divide, particularly between the data-rich global north and the data-poor global south. AI models trained on data from the global north may not be optimal for other regions and could be biased according to the values and interests of the global north. Indeed, AI may impact the balance of global power, though AI has the potential to reshuffle winners and losers in global markets and, when used in lethal autonomous weapons, to name only two drivers. AI also presents the risk of power concentration, as we see today with OpenAI and ChatGPT. The stakes are high for the tech industry right now with the ongoing Google trial in the US.

 

The integration of AI into diplomacy is a double-edged sword. While it offers the promise of enhanced efficiency and effectiveness, it also poses significant risks that could compromise the very essence of diplomatic practice. The dependency on AI might compel diplomats to sacrifice the sanctity of diplomatic secrecy for the sake of data analytics. Today, we need to ask ourselves to what degree we wish to integrate AI into diplomacy. If diplomats increasingly delegate decisions to opaque AI systems, we may be turning diplomacy into a form of algocratic system, in which computer-coded algorithms “structure, constrain, incentivise, nudge, manipulate or encourage different types of human behaviour”. Is this our vision for the future of multilateralism?

5 Essential Apps For Any Android Phone

If you own an Android smartphone, you’ll need some essential apps to sync your files, watch movies, track your sleeping patterns, catch up on your reading, and more. We’ve collected the best, most useful apps that Google Play Store has to offer.

(You may notice some crossover with our list of essential iPhone apps. Some apps are just that good.)

1. Dropbox

Dropbox remains the best app for seamlessly syncing files to and from your portable devices. It works across the web, Windows, macOS, iOS, and of course Android, which means you need never find yourself without access to an important file. You Agen Sbobet can use Dropbox to automatically back up your photos and videos to the cloud, keep that important set of PDFs with you, or take notes that sync back to your laptop.

On the negative side, the free Dropbox plan only offers a miserly 2GB of storage. However, if you need more space, premium plans start at $10 per month for 1TB of storage.

Dropbox for Android, free or $10 to $20 per month for premium plans

2. Plex

Plex makes it easy to stream music, movies, TV shows, photos, and more from your computer to your Android device. You need to set up the app on your Windows or macOS computer first, and then you can beam any content stored on the hard drive to your phone—no matter where you happen to be.

That said, there are a couple of caveats. Although you can stream files to other computers for free, to send them to your Android phone—while avoiding limits on your file sizes—you’ll need a $5 per month Plex Pass subscription. Also, you must have all your content downloaded to the computer disk, because Plex can’t work with protected videos purchased from Google, Apple, or Amazon. Finally, you’ll rely on a pretty fast connection to avoid too-long buffering times.

Plex for Android, free or $5 per month for a Plex Pass

3. Pocket

You never have enough time to catch up on all those online articles. Instead of leaving tabs to proliferate, Pocket lets you save articles from any browser, whether it’s on your computer, tablet, or phone. Then read these pieces at your leisure on the Android app. You can even sync the items so they’ll be accessible when you’re offline. What’s more, Pocket strips out all the advertising and other distractions from webpages to give you a clean reading experience that’s easy on the eyes.

Extra features, such as advanced search and auto tagging, require a premium $5 per month subscription. It also has the added bonus of removing the ads from the Pocket app.

Pocket for Android, free or $5 per month for a premium subscription

4. Snapseed

You’ll find many Android apps for photo editing, but we’re big fans of Snapseed. It gives you access to just about every image-tweaking tool you can think of, helping you do everything from adjusting colors to removing objects. You can do intensive work tweaking the effects on a very fine level, or just slap on some filters in seconds. Despite the wealth of features, Snapseed and its tools remain straightforward to use. Once you’re done, you can easily share and export the results.

Originally an independent app, Snapseed is now developed by Google. Like many of the tech giant’s apps, it’s free.

Snapseed for Android, free

5. VLC Player

Android devices can play movies and music right out of the box, but it’s still worth supplementing your default apps with VLC Player. Think of it as an all-in-one app you can rely on for any media playback job.

VLC Player can handle just about every file format out there. Besides simple playback, it packs in tons of other features: You can play web streams, apply subtitles, tweak sound settings via the built-in equalizer, watch videos in pop-up windows on top of other apps, stream content from computers on your local Wi-Fi network, and more.

Bermain Sicbo dan Dadu Online Menangkan Jackpot Besar di Ujung Jari Anda

Judi dadu online atau Sicbo telah menjadi fenomena yang merajalela di dunia perjudian online. Dengan kemajuan teknologi, sekarang Anda dapat merasakan sensasi bermain dadu dan bahkan memenangkan jackpot besar hanya dengan menggunakan perangkat di ujung jari Anda. Berikut adalah panduan untuk memenangkan jackpot besar saat bermain Sicbo dan dadu online.

1. Pahami Jenis Taruhan Jackpot

Sebagian besar platform judi dadu online menawarkan taruhan jackpot yang bisa memberikan kemenangan besar. Pahami jenis taruhan ini, seperti taruhan triple (ketiga dadu memiliki angka yang sama) atau taruhan kombinasi tertentu yang dapat mengantarkan Anda pada jackpot. Mengetahui cara taruhan jackpot berfungsi adalah kunci utama untuk memenangkan hadiah besar.

2. Tentukan Strategi Bermain Anda

Membangun strategi permainan adalah langkah penting untuk meningkatkan peluang memenangkan jackpot. Apakah Anda memilih untuk fokus pada taruhan besar dengan peluang kemenangan yang tinggi atau merancang strategi khusus untuk taruhan jackpot, strategi yang dipilih harus sesuai dengan gaya permainan Anda. Jangan ragu untuk mengadaptasi strategi Anda berdasarkan pengalaman bermain.

3. Pantau Jackpot Progresif

Beberapa situs dadu online menawarkan jackpot progresif yang terus bertambah seiring berjalannya waktu. Pantau jackpot progresif ini dan pilihlah waktu yang tepat untuk melakukan taruhan. Jackpot yang tumbuh besar dapat memberikan motivasi ekstra untuk mencoba keberuntungan Anda.

4. Manfaatkan Bonus dan Promosi

Banyak situs judi Login Sicbo Online menyediakan bonus dan promosi menarik. Manfaatkan bonus tersebut untuk meningkatkan modal permainan Anda. Bonus tambahan dapat memberikan lebih banyak peluang untuk mencoba taruhan jackpot dan meningkatkan kesempatan Anda untuk meraih kemenangan besar.

5. Main dengan Batasan Modal dan Bertanggung Jawab

Meskipun tujuan utama adalah memenangkan jackpot besar, penting untuk bermain dengan batasan modal yang telah ditetapkan. Tentukan sejumlah uang yang bersedia Anda pertaruhkan dan patuhi batasan tersebut. Bermain dengan tanggung jawab akan melindungi Anda dari potensi kerugian besar.

6. Bermain di Situs Terpercaya

Keamanan dan kepercayaan adalah kunci saat bermain dadu online. Pastikan untuk memilih situs judi online yang terpercaya dan memiliki lisensi resmi. Situs terpercaya menjamin permainan yang adil dan pembayaran yang tepat waktu.

7. Berkomunikasi dengan Komunitas Pemain

Terhubung dengan komunitas pemain dadu online dapat memberikan manfaat besar. Dengan berbagi pengalaman dan tips, Anda dapat memperoleh wawasan berharga tentang strategi permainan yang efektif. Jangan ragu untuk bertanya dan berdiskusi dengan sesama pemain.

Dengan mengikuti panduan ini, Anda dapat meningkatkan peluang memenangkan jackpot besar saat bermain Sicbo dan dadu online. Ingatlah untuk selalu bermain dengan pikiran yang jernih, menikmati permainan, dan tetap bertanggung jawab. Semoga keberuntungan selalu berpihak kepada Anda di ujung jari Anda. Selamat bermain!